Mysql是最为常用的关系型数据库，关于安装网上大多都是通过root用户直接来安装的，真实场景中，多数情况是不会给root用户的，要不是直接向甲方申请mysql，要不是给普通用户自己安装。
下面演示如何通过普通用户完成mysql服务的搭建。
环境描述
主机名 ip地址
系统版本 系统资源
slions_pc2
192.168.100.11
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810
cpu:2 mem:4GB
创建用户 后续通过slions用户来完成mysql环境搭建。
1 2 3 [root@slions_pc2 ~]groupadd -g 7295 slions && useradd -u 7295 -g 7295 -s /bin/bash slions && echo "slions:slions" | chpasswd [root@slions_pc2 ~]# id slions uid=7295(slions) gid=7295(slions) 组=7295(slions)
下载安装包 访问mysql官网 ，当前最新的版本为8.0.27，想要下载历史版本需点击标注处。
此次我们安装Mysql 5.7.36
选择tar.gz离线包
不登录，直接下载到本地
安装Mysql 使用slions用户登录服务器，将下载好的mysql离线包拷贝到服务器。
1 2 [slions@slions_pc2 ~]$ ls mysql-5.7.36-el7-x86_64.tar.gz
解压
1 2 [slions@slions_pc2 ~]$ tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.36-el7-x86_64.tar.gz [slions@slions_pc2 ~]$ mv mysql-5.7.36-el7-x86_64 mysql
创建数据、日志与socket目录以及配置文件目录
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 [slions@slions_pc2 ~]$ mkdir -p data/mysql/{data,logs,tmp} && mkdir conf [slions@slions_pc2 ~]$ ls -l 总用量 715496 drwxrwxr-x. 2 slions slions 6 10月 31 13:50 conf drwxrwxr-x. 3 slions slions 6 10月 31 11:08 data drwxrwxr-x. 9 slions slions 129 10月 31 11:05 mysql -rw-rw-r--. 1 slions slions 732667171 10月 31 11:02 mysql-5.7.36-el7-x86_64.tar.gz
编写mysql配置文件
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 [slions@slions_pc2 ~]$ cat >> conf/my.cnf << EOF [client] port = 33060 socket = /home/slions/data/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock [mysqld] user = slions basedir = /home/slions/mysql datadir = /home/slions/data/mysql/data port = 33060 socket = /home/slions/data/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock pid-file = /home/slions/data/mysql/tmp/mysqld.pid tmpdir = /home/slions/data/mysql/tmp skip_name_resolve = 1 symbolic-links=0 max_connections = 2000 group_concat_max_len = 1024000 sql_mode = NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION lower_case_table_names = 1 log_timestamps=SYSTEM character-set-server = utf8 interactive_timeout = 1800 wait_timeout = 1800 max_allowed_packet = 32M binlog_cache_size = 4M sort_buffer_size = 2M read_buffer_size = 4M join_buffer_size = 4M tmp_table_size = 96M max_heap_table_size = 96M max_length_for_sort_data = 8096 # logs server-id = 1003306 log-error = /home/slions/data/mysql/logs/error.log slow_query_log = 1 slow_query_log_file = /home/slions/data/mysql/logs/slow.log long_query_time = 3 log-bin = /home/slions/data/mysql/logs/binlog binlog_format = row expire_logs_days = 15 log_bin_trust_function_creators = 1 relay-log = /home/slions/data/mysql/logs/relay-bin relay-log-recovery = 1 relay_log_purge = 1 # innodb innodb_file_per_table = 1 innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M innodb_log_file_size = 256M innodb_log_files_in_group = 2 innodb_io_capacity = 2000 innodb_io_capacity_max = 4000 innodb_flush_neighbors = 0 innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT innodb_autoinc_lock_mode = 2 innodb_read_io_threads = 8 innodb_write_io_threads = 8 innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2G EOF
初始化数据库
1 [slions@slions_pc2 ~]$ ./mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/home/slions/conf/my.cnf --initialize --user=slions --basedir=/home/slions/mysql --datadir=/home/slions/data/mysql/data
获取root密码
1 [slions@slions_pc2 ~]$ cat data/mysql/logs/error.log |grep password
启动mysql
1 [slions@slions_pc2 ~]$ ./mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/home/slions/conf/my.cnf --user=slions &
设置环境变量
1 [slions@slions_pc2 ~]$ echo "PATH=$PATH:/home/slions/mysql/bin" >> ~/.bash_profile
登录mysql 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 [slions@slions_pc2 ~]$ mysql -uroot -P33060 -p -S /home/slions/data/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock # 修改默认的root密码及远程登录权限 mysql> alter user 'root' @'localhost' identified by 'admin123' ; mysql> flush privileges; mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root' @'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'admin123' WITH GRANT OPTION; mysql> flush privileges; mysql> exit
此时已经可以通过其他客户端访问该服务了。
设置命令别名 因为我们改了默认的mysql.sock路径，导致每次客户端连接时都要指明mysql.sock,不然会报错
1 2 [slions@slions_pc2 ~]$ mysql ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock' (2)
可以配置个命令别名，之后就可以正常使用了
1 2 3 [slions@slions_pc2 ~]$ alias mysql='mysql -S /home/slions/data/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock' [slions@slions_pc2 ~]$ mysql ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'slions'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
配置开机自启 配置开机自启需要root权限。
systemd service方式 编写mysql服务启动文件
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 [root@slions_pc2 ~]# cat >> /usr/lib/systemd/system/slions-mysql.service << EOF [Unit] Description=Slions Mysql Server After=network.service [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target [Service] User=slions Group=slions Type=forking TimeoutSec=0 ExecStart=/home/slions/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/home/slions/conf/my.cnf --basedir=/home/slions/mysql --datadir=/home/slions/data/mysql/data --daemonize ExecStop=/bin/kill $MAINPID LimitNOFILE=65535 Restart=on-failure RestartSec=10 RestartPreventExitStatus=1 PrivateTmp=false EOF
启动服务并设置开机自启
1 2 3 4 5 6 [root@slions_pc2 ~]# pkill -9 mysql [root@slions_pc2 ~]# systemctl enable slions-mysql.service [root@slions_pc2 ~]# systemctl start slions-mysql.service [root@slions_pc2 ~]# ps -elf|grep mysql 5 S slions 11905 1 0 80 0 - 835134 poll_s 12:31 ? 00:00:08 /home/slions/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/home/slions/conf/my.cnf --basedir=/home/slions/mysql --datadir=/home/slions/data/mysql/data --socket=/home/slions/data/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock --pid-file=/home/slions/data/mysql/tmp/mysqld.pid --daemonize 4 S root 12398 9776 0 80 0 - 28182 pipe_w 14:56 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql
